Imirasire y'izuba

Mubisanzwe, module ya selile yizuba igizwe nibice bitanu kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, harimo ikirahure cya Photovoltaque, gupakira firime ifata, chip selile, gupakira firime, hamwe nindege:

（1 glass Ikirahure cya Photovoltaque

Bitewe nubushobozi buke bwubukanishi bwingirabuzimafatizo imwe yizuba, biroroshye kumeneka;Ubushuhe hamwe na gaze yangirika mu kirere bizagenda bihindura okiside kandi byonone electrode, kandi ntibishobora kwihanganira imiterere mibi yimirimo yo hanze;Muri icyo gihe, voltage ikora ya selile imwe ya Photovoltaque isanzwe iba nto, bikaba bigoye guhaza ibikenerwa nibikoresho rusange byamashanyarazi.Niyo mpamvu, imirasire y'izuba ikunze gufungwa hagati yububiko bwo gupakira hamwe nindege yinyuma ya firime ya EVA kugirango ikore module idashobora kugabanywa hamwe na package hamwe nimbere ishobora gutanga umusaruro wa DC wigenga.Module nyinshi zifotora, inverter nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi bigize sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi.

Nyuma yikirahuri cya Photovoltaque gitwikiriye module ya Photovoltaque, irashobora kwemeza ko urumuri rwinshi rwinshi, kuburyo izuba rishobora kubyara amashanyarazi menshi;Muri icyo gihe, ikirahure gikomeye cya Photovoltaque gifite imbaraga nyinshi, zishobora gutuma ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi w’umuyaga n’ubushyuhe butandukanye bwa buri munsi.Kubwibyo, ikirahure cya Photovoltaque nikimwe mubikoresho byingirakamaro bya moderi ya Photovoltaque.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Photovoltaque tugabanijwemo cyane muri selile ya silicon silicon na selile yoroheje.Ikirahuri cya Photovoltaque gikoreshwa muri selile ya kristaline ya silicon ahanini ikoresha uburyo bwa kalendari, kandi ikirahure cya Photovoltaque gikoreshwa muma selile yoroheje cyane gikoresha uburyo bwo kureremba.

（2） Gufunga kashe ya firime (EVA)

Imirasire y'izuba ifata amashanyarazi iherereye hagati ya module y'izuba, izengurutsa urupapuro rw'akagari kandi ihujwe n'ikirahuri hamwe na plaque y'inyuma.Ibikorwa byingenzi bya firime yizuba ifata amashanyarazi arimo: gutanga ubufasha bwububiko bwibikoresho byumurongo wizuba, gutanga optique ihuza optique hagati yimirasire nizuba, gutandukanya umubiri numurongo, no kuyobora ubushyuhe butangwa ningirabuzimafatizo, n'ibindi.

Kugeza ubu, firime ya EVA ifata ibikoresho byinshi bifata amashusho bifata imirasire y'izuba.Kugeza muri 2018, umugabane wacyo ku isoko ni 90%.Ifite imyaka irenga 20 yamateka yo gusaba, hamwe nibikorwa byuzuye hamwe nibikorwa bihenze.POE ifata firime niyindi ikoreshwa cyane ya fotokolta yapakira ibikoresho bya firime.Kugeza muri 2018, umugabane wacyo ku isoko ugera kuri 9% 5. Iki gicuruzwa ni Ethylene octene copolymer, gishobora gukoreshwa mugupakira ikirahuri kimwe cyizuba hamwe nibirahuri bibiri, cyane cyane mubirahuri bibiri.POE ifata neza ifite ibintu byiza cyane nkumuvuduko mwinshi wamazi wumuvuduko wamazi, umuvuduko mwinshi ugaragara, urumuri rwinshi, guhangana nikirere cyiza hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kurwanya PID.Mubyongeyeho, imikorere idasanzwe yerekana iki gicuruzwa irashobora kunoza imikoreshereze myiza yumucyo wizuba kuri module, ifasha kongera imbaraga za module, kandi irashobora gukemura ikibazo cyamafirime yera yuzuye nyuma yo kumurika module.

（3 ip Amashanyarazi

Imirasire y'izuba ya Silicon ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bibiri.Imirongo ibiri ikurikiranye iri kumucyo yakira hejuru hamwe nu mucyo winyuma wa silicon chip.

Ihame ryo kubyara ingufu za Photovoltaque: Iyo fotone imurika ku cyuma, imbaraga zayo zirashobora kwinjizwa byuzuye na electron mubyuma.Ingufu zinjizwa na electron nini nini bihagije kugirango tuneshe imbaraga za Coulomb imbere muri atome yicyuma hanyuma ukore akazi, uhunge hejuru yicyuma uhinduke fotoelectron.Silicon atom ifite electron enye zo hanze.Niba silicon isukuye hamwe na atome hamwe na electroni eshanu zo hanze, nka atome ya fosifore, ihinduka N-semiconductor ya N;Niba silicon isukuye hamwe na atome hamwe na electroni eshatu zo hanze, nka atome ya boron, hashyizweho P-semiconductor.Iyo ubwoko bwa P nubwoko bwa N buhujwe, ubuso bwitumanaho buzakora itandukaniro rishobora guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo yizuba.Iyo urumuri rwizuba rumurika kumurongo wa PN, ikigezweho kiva kumurongo wa P ugana kuruhande rwa N, ugakora umuyoboro.

Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye byakoreshejwe, imirasire y'izuba irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: icyiciro cya mbere ni silisiki ya silicon silicon selile, harimo silikoni ya monocrystalline na silicon polycrystalline.Ubushakashatsi bwabo niterambere ryabo hamwe nibisabwa ku isoko birasa cyane byimbitse, kandi imikorere yabo yo guhindura amashanyarazi ni ndende, ifata umugabane wingenzi ku isoko rya chip ya batiri iriho ubu;Icyiciro cya kabiri ni selile yizuba ya selile, harimo firime ishingiye kuri silicon, ibice hamwe nibikoresho kama.Nyamara, kubera ubuke cyangwa uburozi bwibikoresho fatizo, imikorere idahwitse ihindagurika, umutekano muke nizindi nenge, ntibikoreshwa cyane ku isoko;Icyiciro cya gatatu ni imirasire y'izuba mishya, harimo imirasire y'izuba yanduye, kuri ubu iri mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere kandi ikoranabuhanga ntirirakura.

Ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba ni polysilicon (ishobora kubyara inkoni imwe ya kirisiti ya kirisiti, ingunguru ya polysilicon, n'ibindi).Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro gikubiyemo cyane cyane: gusukura no gutembera, gukwirakwizwa, gukata inkombe, ibirahuri bya silicon dephosifori, PECVD, gucapa ecran, gucumura, kugerageza, nibindi.

Itandukaniro nubusabane hagati ya kristu imwe na polycrystalline yumwanya wamafoto yongerewe hano

Crystal imwe na polycrystalline ninzira ebyiri za tekinike yingufu zizuba za kirisiti.Niba kristu imwe igereranijwe nibuye ryuzuye, polycrystalline ni ibuye rikozwe mumabuye yajanjaguwe.Bitewe nimiterere itandukanye yumubiri, imikorere ya fotoelectric ihindura imikorere ya kristu imwe irenze iyo ya polycristal, ariko igiciro cya polycristal ni gito.

Ihinduka rya fotoelectric ya selile ya monocrystalline silicon izuba ni 18%, naho hejuru ni 24%.Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo hejuru bwo guhinduranya amafoto y'amashanyarazi y'ubwoko bwose bw'izuba, ariko ikiguzi cyo gukora ni kinini.Kubera ko silikoni ya monocrystalline isanzwe ipakirwa ibirahuri bituje hamwe na resin idashobora gukoreshwa n'amazi, biraramba kandi bifite ubuzima bwimyaka 25.

Igikorwa cyo gukora ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ya polycrystalline isa n'iy'imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline silicon, ariko imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'izuba ya polycrystalline silicon izuba igomba kugabanuka cyane, kandi imikorere yayo yo guhindura amashanyarazi ni 16%.Kubijyanye nigiciro cyumusaruro, bihendutse kuruta monocrystalline silicon selile.Ibikoresho biroroshye gukora, kuzigama gukoresha ingufu, kandi igiciro cyose cyumusaruro ni gito.

Isano iri hagati ya kristu imwe na polycristal: polycristal ni kristu imwe ifite inenge.

Hamwe n'izamuka ry'amasoko yo kuri interineti nta nkunga ihari ndetse n'ubuke buke bw'umutungo w'ubutaka ushobora gushyirwaho, ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa byiza ku isoko mpuzamahanga biriyongera.Ibitekerezo byabashoramari nabyo byahindutse bivuye mubyihuta byabanje kugera ku isoko yambere, ni ukuvuga imikorere y’amashanyarazi n’igihe kirekire cyo kwizerwa kwumushinga ubwawo, urufunguzo rwo kwinjiza amashanyarazi.Kuri iki cyiciro, tekinoroji ya polycrystalline iracyafite ibyiza mubiciro, ariko imikorere yayo ni mike.

Hariho impamvu nyinshi zituma iterambere ridindira ryikoranabuhanga rya polycrystalline: kuruhande rumwe, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere bikomeza kuba byinshi, biganisha ku giciro kinini cyo gukora cyibikorwa bishya.Kurundi ruhande, igiciro cyibikoresho gihenze cyane.Nubwo, nubwo ingufu zitanga ingufu nogukora neza kristu imwe ikora birenze ubushobozi bwa polycristal hamwe na kristu imwe isanzwe, abakiriya bamwe bumva ibiciro bazakomeza "kudashobora guhangana" mugihe bahisemo.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji imwe rukumbi ya kristu yageze ku buringanire bwiza hagati yimikorere nigiciro.Ingano yo kugurisha ya kristu imwe yafashe umwanya wambere ku isoko.

（4

Imirasire y'izuba ni ibikoresho byo gupakira bifotora biri inyuma yinyuma yizuba.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda module yizuba yizuba mubidukikije hanze, kurwanya kwangirika kwibidukikije nkumucyo, ubushuhe nubushyuhe kuri firime ipakira, chip selile nibindi bikoresho, kandi bigira uruhare mukurinda ikirere.Kubera ko indege yinyuma iherereye kumurongo winyuma inyuma ya moderi ya PV kandi igahura neza n’ibidukikije, igomba kuba ifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke buke, kurwanya imishwarara ya ultraviolet, kurwanya gusaza ibidukikije, inzitizi z’amazi, inzitizi z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi imitungo kugirango ihuze imyaka 25 yumurimo wa selile yizuba module.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ingufu zokubyara ingufu zinganda zinganda zifotora, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitanga ingufu zikomoka kumirasire y'izuba nabyo bifite urumuri rwinshi kugirango bigaragaze imikorere yizuba rya modele yizuba.

Ukurikije ibyiciro byibikoresho, indege yinyuma igabanijwemo polymers kama nibintu kama.Imirasire y'izuba ubusanzwe yerekeza kuri polimeri kama, kandi ibintu bidafite umubiri ni ibirahure.Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, hariho ubwoko bwibintu byinshi, ubwoko bwa coating nubwoko bwa coextrusion.Kugeza ubu, ibice byimbere byibanze birenga 78% byisoko ryinyuma.Bitewe no kwiyongera kwimikorere yibirahuri bibiri, umugabane wisoko ryibirahure byikirahure urenga 12%, naho iyindi isize inyuma hamwe nizindi nyubako zubatswe ni 10%.

Ibikoresho fatizo byizuba ryizuba birimo cyane cyane PET ya firime, ibikoresho bya fluor hamwe na afashe.PET shingiro ya firime itanga cyane cyane imiterere nubukanishi, ariko guhangana nikirere ni bibi cyane;Ibikoresho bya florine bigabanijwemo muburyo bubiri: firime ya fluor na fluor irimo resin, itanga insulation, irwanya ikirere hamwe numutungo wa bariyeri;Ibifatika bigizwe ahanini na sintetike ya resinike, imiti ikiza, inyongeramusaruro ikora nindi miti.Byakoreshejwe muguhuza PET ishingiro rya firime na fluor muri compte backplane.Kugeza ubu, imigambi yizuba ryiza cyane yizuba ikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya fluor kugirango irinde firime ya PET.Itandukaniro gusa nuko imiterere nibigize ibikoresho bya fluor byakoreshejwe bitandukanye.Ibikoresho bya fluor byiyongereye kuri firime ya PET ifatanyijemo muburyo bwa firime ya fluor, ikaba ari umugongo winyuma;Yashizwe kumurongo kuri firime ya PET muburyo bwa fluor irimo resin binyuze muburyo budasanzwe, bwitwa coated backplane.

Muri rusange, ibice byinyuma bifite imikorere isumba byose kubera ubusugire bwa firime ya fluor;Indege isize inyuma ifite inyungu kubiciro kubera igiciro cyayo gito.

Ubwoko bwibanze bwibintu byimbere

Imirasire y'izuba ikomatanyirijwe hamwe irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri bya firime ya fluorine, icyerekezo kimwe cya fluorine, hamwe na fluor yubusa ukurikije ibirimo fluor.Kubera imiterere yikirere hamwe nibindi biranga, birakwiriye ibidukikije bitandukanye.Muri rusange, guhangana nikirere kubidukikije bikurikirwa na firime ya fluor impande zombi, inyuma ya firime ya fluor imwe, hamwe na fluor yubusa, kandi ibiciro byabo muri rusange bigabanuka.

Icyitonderwa: (1) PVF (monofluorinated resin) film yakuwe muri PVF copolymer.Ubu buryo bwo gukora bwerekana neza ko igishusho cya PVF gishushanya kandi kitarangwamo inenge nka pinholes hamwe n’imvune zikunze kugaragara mugihe cya PVDF (difluorinated resin) coing spraying cyangwa roller.Kubwibyo, kubika amashusho ya PVF yerekana imitako iruta PVDF.Filime ya PVF ikubiyemo ibikoresho irashobora gukoreshwa ahantu hafite ibidukikije byangirika;

.

(3) Filime ya PVF ifite imbaraga zo guhangana no kwambara igihe kirekire;

.

Ibikurikizwa

Kubera guhangana nikirere cyiza, firime ya fluor yibice bibiri yibibumbano birashobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bikonje nkubukonje, ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuyaga numucanga, imvura, nibindi, kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane mubibaya, ubutayu, Gobi no mubindi bice;Filime imwe ya fluor igizwe na backplane nigiciro cyo kugabanya ibicuruzwa bya florine yibice bibiri bya firime compte backplane.Ugereranije na firime ya florine yibice bibiri yibice byinyuma, igice cyimbere cyacyo gifite imbaraga nke zo kurwanya ultraviolet no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba bikoreshwa cyane cyane kubisenge hamwe nibice bifite imirasire ya ultraviolet.

6 PV inverter

Mubikorwa byo kubyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ingufu zitangwa na foto ya fotora ni imbaraga za DC, ariko imitwaro myinshi ikenera ingufu za AC.Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya DC ifite aho igarukira, ntabwo yorohewe no guhindura voltage, kandi ingano yimitwaro nayo irahari.Usibye imizigo idasanzwe yamashanyarazi, inverters irasabwa guhindura ingufu za DC mumashanyarazi.Inverter ya Photovoltaque numutima wa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.Ihindura ingufu za DC zakozwe na sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ya fotora mumashanyarazi ya AC isabwa nubuzima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, kandi nikimwe mubice byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi.